Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 20% of the Western population. Understanding its causes and treatment options is essential for managing this chronic condition.
What Causes GERD?
GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Contributing factors include obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, smoking, and certain medications.
Treatment Approaches
- Lifestyle modifications: Often the first and most effective line of defense
- Antacids: Provide quick but temporary relief (Tums, Rolaids)
- H2 blockers: Reduce acid production for 8-12 hours (famotidine)
- PPIs: Most effective acid suppressors for healing erosive esophagitis (omeprazole)